27 October 2010

On the writ of Coram Nobis

The writ may be used to correct an error of a court, in the United States, and in Great Britain. The petition may be filed no matter how long time has expired since the error.

With the petition for a writ of habeas corpus filed in Washington D.C. on behalf of H.E. the Iraqi vice president Taha Yassin Ramadan, the errors of the court were as follows:

1) the citation of Hirota vs. MacArthur was accepted as precedence, that as an international tribunal was empowered, the U.S. Courts had no jurisdiction in Hirota, to grant habeas relief, this is in error because of the United States use of atomic armaments for commercial, not defensive purposes, the evidence to this is the diplomatic response of General Secretary Josef Stalin to the news of the Hiroshima bombing, ...therefore the U.S.S.R. was not in a position to challenge (under nuclear armaments threat) the appointment of MacArthur as supreme commander.

2) the United States administration of George W. Bush, via prior to the date of 18 March 2003 having engaged the German state in planning the 2003 invasion of Iraq, willfully and in full cognizance, violated the terms of the "Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany of 1990", as such the invasion on this point violated International Law, this information was withheld from the defense council of H.E. vice president Taha Yassin Ramadan, that, in this regard the 'established' international tribunal to prosecute Iraq government officials had no legal standing, and, as International Law was violated by the United States and British administrations (in coalition) the U.S. courts did in fact have the jurisdiction to grant habeas relief, in fact they were obliged to.

3) the United States has again used tactical atomic armaments for commercial purposes, during the invasion of Iraq, this in addition to the content of the NSPD 36, 11 May, 2004, of the signature president George W. Bush, that 'economic reform' was the purpose of the invasion of Iraq. It was an aggressive war!

The U.S. Courts do in fact have jurisdiction, and those interested parties who would clear the name of H.E. the Iraqi vice president Taha Yassin Ramadan, would be advised to file a petition for a writ of coram nobis, to correct the error of the Washington D.C. court on Civil Action No. 07-0297 (PLF) TAHA YASSIN RAMADAN petitioner vs. GEORGE W. BUSH, et al., Respondents, which had rejected his habeas petition.



NATIONAL SECURITY PRESIDENTIAL DIRECTIVE/ NSPD (36)
SUBJECT: United States Government Operations in Iraq

"We have seen a period of significant advancement in Iraq, as the yoke of Saddam Hussein's tyranny has been thrown off and democracy and economic reform have begun to take root. With the termination of the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) not later than June 30, 2004 and the re-establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and a sovereign Iraqi government, our efforts in Iraq will take on new and formidable challenges that must be met successfully."

and

"This NSPD shall be effective immediately, shall constitute an Executive order solely for the purposes of 5 U.S.C. § 3161, and shall not be subject to Executive order 11030 of 19 June, 1962, as amended. The CPA shall terminate not later than June 30, 2004, Upon the termination of the CPA, this NSPD supersedes NSPD-24, dated January 20, 2003."

The White House - May 11, 2004



cf: Letter to the California Governor's Office
and Letter to the Habeas Corpus Resource Center

26 October 2010

Taha Ramadan vs. G.W. Bush


UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

)
TAHA YASSIN RAMADAN, )
)
          Petitioner, )
)
     v. ) Civil Action No. 07-0297 (PLF)
)
GEORGE W. BUSH, et al., )
)
          Respondents. )
)


ORDER

             Petitioner Taha Yassin Ramadan, the former Vice President of Iraq under Saddam Hussein, filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in this Court on February 9, 2007. The Court issued an Order to Show Cause directing the respondents to respond. Respondents filed an opposition to the petition on February 23, 2007. Petitioner filed a response to the opposition on February 26, 2007. The Court heard oral argument on the petition on February 27, 2007.

             On February 27, 2007, after careful consideration of the arguments of the parties in their papers and at oral argument, and the relevant case law, the Court issued a ruling from the bench, denying the petition for a writ of habeas corpus. For the reasons stated, the Court concluded that it lacks jurisdiction to consider a petition for a writ of habeas corpus on behalf of this petitioner – a foreign citizen, detained overseas, with the existence of a multinational force, and criminally convicted by a foreign court – regardless of whether the United States can be deemed to be his custodian. See Hirota v. MacArthur, 338 U.S. 197, 198 (1948) (courts of the United States have no authority to review petitions for writs of habeas corpus on behalf of alien

(page 1)

non-resident petitioners sentenced by a tribunal not of the United States); Flick v. Johnson, 174 F.2d 983, 985-86 (D.C. Cir. 1949) (courts of the United States have no authority to review petitions for writs of habeas corpus on behalf of alien non-resident petitioners sentenced by a tribunal not of the United States, even though petitioner was held by the United States Army); Omar v. Harvey, – F.3d –, Case No. 06-5126, 2007 WL 420137, at *6 (D.C. Cir. Feb. 9, 2007) (the Hirota Court’s “primary concern was that the petitions represented a collateral attack on the final judgment of an international tribunal.”).

             Accordingly, for the reasons stated in open court on February 27, 2007, it is hereby

            ORDERED that the petition for a writ of habeas corpus is DENIED; it is

             FURTHER ORDERED that this case is DISMISSED from the docket of this Court; and it is

             FURTHER ORDERED that this Order shall constitute a FINAL JUDGMENT in this case. This is a final appealable order. See Rule 4(a), Fed. R. App. P.

              SO ORDERED.

__/s/_____________________________
PAUL L. FRIEDMAN
United States District Judge

DATE: February 27, 2007

(page 2)

27 August 2010

Geneva Conventions

One shall not remise the historical developments of law associated with war and dismiss the Conventions of Geneva. Civil Law however should augment Military Law.

Atom weapons used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki of the Japan Empire and against the air defenses at Saddam International Airport in the Republic of Iraq, are civil not military crimes.

Such regulations pursuant to Customary International Law oblige states [to have used Atom weapons] to conduct proceedings of treason so the return to International Law is secured.

Eric Lindblad – 20 May 2007

* The Conventions of Geneva further to amend pursuant to the text "Reciprocal Warfare – and its Critiqué by the Natural Law School", 2 April 2007, et al., and loss of the Western bourgeois states' right to make war (jus ad bellum), reference my letter to Organization of Islamic Conference, Malaysia summit, dated 31 July 2006.

25 August 2010

Reciprocal Warfare

Reciprocal Warfare – and its Critiqué by the Natural Law School

Draft – submitted to the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs for
further development and analysis of Vattel's treatise, and for
supplemental comparative law studies of natural law influences of
[non-Scandinavian] constitutions, in preparation for a reparations
tribunal for the Arab nation, Afghanistan and former colonial
possessions.


Reciprocal Warfare – and its critiqué by the Natural Law School

The purpose of this article is not to present the Socialist arguments against war. As such this is available. It is not universally recognized among the Arab League and Organisation of Islamic Conference member states, the dialectic-materialist considerations as pertains to domestic and legal considerations.

As such the Socialist treatises on war are well developed and readily available.

The purpose rather is to develop the writings of Emerich de Vattel 1758 (Schweiz) on [war, and] the law of nations according to the Natural Law School. [1]

In this manner jurists and advisers of kings of the Arab League and OIC member states may have reference to pluralistic views of different legal systems [and schools of thought] as pertains to the current conflicts, thus as pertains to policy directions and foreign relations.

Vattel addresses the offensive and defensive war, as such the reciprocal warfare was not addressed or not fully addressed at the time of his writings.

The first physical manifestation of reciprocal warfare is the attack of Prussia and Austria-Hungary against the Kingdom of Denmark [2] (1864) but it is inseparable from the financial and industrial currents of England and the United States of the mid-1800's of which the American Civil War is a manifestation.

The industrial state is the antithesis of the agrarian state. Krupp arms, the breech-loading monobloc gun, other ordnance with rifling and built-up and shrinkage construction the Chambers gun (United States, 1849), Armstrong  gun  (Britain, 1855), Blakely gun (Britain, 1855), Tredwell gun (United States, 1855),  and Parrot gun (United States, 1861).












(photos) An original Chassepot, but has been subjected to modifications in 1870 and 1877. It was used by the French colonial forces, this being borne out by the Arabic symbols on the receiver and barrel.

Colonel de Reffye's machine gun or mitrailleuse, and the breech-loader of Antoine Alphonse Chassepot being superior to Prussia's Dreyse needle rifle, were not sufficient to overcome the Krupp artillery at Seden.

The expenditures of the Exchequer towards the purchase of matériel, and the conduct of the sovereign and the affairs of nations (Vattel) result in reciprocal warfare, wherein the conduct of Government follows a mutual pattern of that of another nation, wherein treaties could be forwarded to avoid such expenditures of the Exchequer. The Franco-German War is directly reciprocal warfare. The War of 1864 merely a precursor. The content of the Ems telegram (reproduced below), and the rapidity of the French Parliament's response to the Ems telegram, supports the premise of the Franco-German War, as a reciprocal war.

Ems telegram
Sent by Heinrich Abeken of the Prussian Foreign Office under King Wilhelm's Instruction to Bismarck.

(Unedited Version)

His Majesty the King has written to me:

"Count Benedetti intercepted me on the promenade and ended by demanding of me in a very importunate manner that I should authorize him to telegraph at once that I bound myself in perpetuity never again to give my consent if the Hohenzollerns renewed their candidature.

I rejected this demand somewhat sternly as it is neither right nor possible to undertake engagements of this kind [for ever and ever]. Naturally I told him that I had not yet received any news and since he had been better informed via Paris and Madrid than I was, he must surely see that my government was not concerned in the matter."

[The King, on the advice of one of his ministers] "decided in view of the above-mentioned demands not to receive Count Benedetti any more, but to have him informed by an adjutant that His Majesty had now received [from Leopold] confirmation of the news which Benedetti had already had from Paris and had nothing further to say to the ambassador.

His Majesty suggests to Your Excellency that Benedetti's new demand and its rejection might well be communicated both to our ambassadors and to the Press."


(Bismark's Published, Edited Version)

After the news of the renunciation of the Prince von Hohenzollern had been communicated to the Imperial French government by the Royal Spanish government, the French Ambassador in Ems made a further demand on His Majesty the King that he should authorize him to telegraph to Paris that His Majesty the King undertook for all time never again to give his assent should the Hohenzollerns once more take up their candidature.

His Majesty the King thereupon refused to receive the Ambassador again and had the latter informed by the adjutant of the day that His Majesty had no further communication to make to the Ambassador."


Jay Cooke, the fiscal agent for the United States Government, in a banking circular from 1865 referred to the war or 'national' debt as a 'national blessing' :

    “We lay down the proposition that our national debt made permanent and rightly managed, will be a national blessing.  The funded debt of the United States is the addition of $3,000,000,000 to the previously realized wealth of the Nation. It is three thousand millions added to the actual available capital.”

Herein lies the premise of violation of the “natural rights” of citizens under the sovereign. The entire basis of militarism, and fiscal policy associated with militarism, lies contrary to the law of nature theory, the latter upon which the American Constitution was founded.

On the colonies:

Self-governance movements were developing in the Spanish possessions in the late 1800's, the Philippines, among the British dependencies, in Egypt and India, and in the Turkish Empire, in Palestine and other Arab territories. France and England maintained the greater majority of colonies among world powers.

The Spanish-American War 1898, following the loss of the Spanish fleets at Santiago de Cuba and at Manila, merely transferred custody of Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Sulu Islands and the largest of the Marianne Islands for the payment of $20,000,000. Two additional islands, which had been delimited at the peace conference of Paris, were purchased by the United States in 1900.

Concomitant with reciprocal warfare is the premise that colonial possessions remain in the hands of world powers, in this regard the Covenant of the League of Nations, Article 22, was established, and the League's 'Economic Council' following the Great War, the latter to combat the spread of Bolshevism in the East European states.

It is clear from such developments that the reciprocal war prolongs the possession of colonial territories by the Great Powers, and that the political developments and reparations should for the greater part be allocated to such 'former' colonies.

Such is the premise of the Natural Law School in response to the premise of policy as law of the Soviet Marxists. [3]

The Geneva convention(s), in not addressing reciprocal warfare, are insufficient [on a juridical basis] to prosecute [the perpetrators of] the current conflicts.

Reciprocal warfare, in its domestic manifestations, that is violating of the “natural rights” of its citizens, is primarily a phenomena of the Anglo-American alliance as can be seen in the present war. [4] [5]

The Charter of the United Nations, in spite of its signatory by various states, as it supports reciprocal warfare, cannot be considered as consistent with international law.

In absence of international mandate, as (mandate) corresponding to international law, regarding the United Nations Assembly vote in 1947 on partitioning of the Palestinian Mandate, obliges international rejection of the legitimacy of such vote and premise.

Eric Lindblad - 2 April 2007

[1] Vattel, Emerich de, 1714-1767, « The law of nations, or Principles of the law of nature, applied to the conduct and affairs of nations and sovereigns », new edition by Joseph Chitty, London : S, Sweet 1834, 532 p.

[2] The war pursued under the “pretext” of the Schleswig-Holstein question, was used by Prussia to test the Dreyse needle rifle as a precursor to the Franco-German War.

* Krupp capital standing at £ 9,000,000 was augmented in 1908 by an additional £ 2,500,000 in association with their manufacture of armour plates and guns required for the new ships of the German navy.

[3] On which see especially I.P. Trainin, "The Relationship Between State and Law", Izvestiya of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences (Econ. and Law), No. 5, 1945, translation in « Soviet Legal Philosophy » – Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1951.

[4] « Arming America », by Michael A. Bellesiles, Alfred A. Knopf, N.Y. 2000.

[5] Other world powers or the corporations thereof, NATO member states and Japan, having a subordinate matériel and/or financial supply to such conflicts.

Addendum:

The Great War and Second World War were reciprocal wars, though the fiscal policies associated with militarism of the US and UK place those states with initiation of these wars.

Korea, Vietnam, and the Balkan War were all offensive wars.

The Cold War was an offensive war, against the Soviet Union

KZSC Radio Address

KZSC-radio, Broadcast 7:00-8:30 p.m., 17 July 2008.
by Eric Lindblad

Notes pursuant to radio address

On the 9th of April 2007 an interview on Arabic satellite television of the Iraqi Republican Guard commander provided testimony that the U.S. used both phosphorus and neutron bombs during the 2003 airport battle. The Arab Ba'ath Socialist Party in a statement dated 9 April 2008 further reiterated that the U.S. had used tactical nuclear weapons during the airport battle.

The U.S. occupied Baghdad subsequent to the airport battle, officially from the date of 9 April 2003 occupying Baghdad.

Technically "enhanced radiation" weapons are the proper name of neutron bombs. All nuclear armaments involve some fission and some fusion. In the high yield weapons fission predominates, and there are other 'specialty type' nuclear weapons as the electromagnetic pulse weapon, to destroy electronics communications. In the neutron bomb the fusion is maximized and fission minimized, it is a low yield weapon. Neutrons with a high kinetic energy are released during the explosion from the components as Duterium (hydrogen with 1 neutron added) and Tritium (hydrogen with 2 neutrons added), these "fast neutrons" last about 15 minutes from the time of explosion. There is some gamma radiation released and some isotope production, i.e. splitting of atoms, soil contamination, and hence the need for terrain nuclear decontamination.

Below from my radio address is some further clarification of prior use by the United States of nuclear armaments.

Please further note these paragraphs in the text:

In the development of International Law, as amendments (proposed) to the Geneva Conventions, one can convey that – such atomic armaments’ usage is treasonous on the part of the Sovereign of the perpetrating State against his own citizens, in that war reparations cannot ameliorate the resentment of the direct victims of such armaments’ usage. That is the use of such arms excludes the normalization of relations, which is the obligation of the Sovereign to secure, according to the Natural Law School, and following the cessation of hostilities. The radiological ordnance as depleted uranium is also under such proposed Conventions’ amendments. Thus the use of nuclear arms and/or radiological ordnance is defined as a civil and not a military crime.

Though this, the U.S. use of tactical nuclear bombs, is not deemed as a violation of a treaty, i.e. the Non-Proliferation Treaty, there is the possible allocation in foreign policy towards understanding between (nation) States, and the obligation of Sovereigns to foster such understanding. In this context such Resolution’s violation is deemed as an offense against the law of nations – Clause 10, United States Constitution.

Compliments,
Eric Lindblad

- - -

Unfortunately I had the limited time of one radio address, so therefore I could not lecture on Liberalism and Conservatism, had additional radio dates been available. The below presentation is on Socialism.

Compliments,
Eric Lindblad

Notes pursuant to radio address (end).

KZSC-radio, Broadcast 7:00-8:30 p.m., 17 July 2008.

* * *

KZSC disclaimer: The views presented by our guests do not necessarily represent those of KZSC, etc.

* * *

My guest tonight alleges that the United States used tactical nuclear arms during the April 2003 airport battle in Iraq, shortly afterwards the US occupied Baghdad. The order by the Administration for the use of such arms is treasonous, as "breech of allegiance".

In November of 2006 an American along with some Frenchmen were arrested by the authorities in Egypt, they had been attempting to recruit individuals to travel Iraq and Afghanistan for the purpose of engaging in attacks on US and French soldiers. The plausible deniability theory of Eisenhower is not deemed as applicable here, rather the accountability all the way to the top, as with the Tailhook scandal. The Administration’s involvement in such program is treasonous, as "procurement of treason".

Eric Lindblad, who will make a presentation tonight, has in the 1980’s had contact with various Communist countries’ embassies, notably of Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, and of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. And, in the 1990’s with the Iraqi Embassy.

His speciality is Soviet science, from the period prior to Khrushchev. And also some of the Soviet mathematics from the later decades. He is also knowledgeable of matters of Soviet trade policy, and exports.

Some of the information which follows is material which members of the general populace of the former Soviet republics may be uninformed on.

His presentation might be deemed as a Soviet view on current affairs.

[I present]- Eric Lindblad

- - -

Thirty years ago a man came to lecture here at the University of California at Santa Cruz, he had lived in France for some years, and then returned to the United States, where he wrote a book on the men who built the railroads, « The Robber Barons ». I never liked much the foreword he authored in 1962, for his book, his reference to Marx – I have never come across one author from the United States who understood Marxism – Matthew Josephson, he had a sequel volume, « The Money Lords », which I don’t recommend. There was another author also, from California, who had lived in France for sometime, he was fond of the writings Émile Zola, his name was Frank Norris, and he wrote a book which is set in the Central coast here of California, the name of the town of Hollister is changed in the book to Guadalajara, the book's title, « The Octopus ».

It was difficult to decide whether this radio presentation, with the limited time of three 20 minute sessions, should be in the form of a critiqué, with the prejudices and alliances accompanying warfare, or, in the form of – towards development – which may accompany a post-war projected time.

It was decided that the first two sessions should be in the form of a critiqué, and the third session dedicated to "development".

Let’s begin with a review of the historical and political circumstance of the 18 and later 1900’s. As we know, the collaboration of Karl Marx and Frederich Engels originated the establishment of scientific Socialism.

The International Working Men’s Association or "First International" was founded in 1864, and was basically defunct by 1874, at the time of the Geneva Congress, though an additional Congress was held in Philadelphia in 1876. In 1889 the "Second International" was established.

Another development of the time – though not to detract from the success, and significance, of the Russian Revolution – was that of the Populists, these were associated sometimes with the political interests of the farmers, or, with the Radicals, as in Britain, with the formation of the Radical trend in the British Parliament, and Radical clubs, and, on the continent, with Radical political parties, the British trend advocating complete laissez faire economics. There was also the Russian Populist theorists, which Lenin in the late 1800’s circa, had criticized as being 'economic romanticists’.

The Second International maintained various Congresses located periodically in the major, especially European, cities. In Stuttgart in 1907, Copenhagen in 1910, Basel 1912. Already at Copenhagen were reservations raised about activities of especially Britain and Germany towards armaments and naval buildup, as towards preparations for a new war. Lenin, even at Stuttgart, had been endeavoring to form a Left within the Second International.

It should be pointed out here that it was Lenin who emphasized, among the other Socialist strategists, the Revolutionary aspects of Marxism. And from here, and from the body of Lenin’s writings, comes the term Marxist-Leninism.

The distinction is drawn between the non-compromise of the Marxist-Leninist with the bourgeois parties and with parliamentarianism.

The position of some of the Social Democratic Labor Parties in confronting the threat of war and its planning, was advocating on behalf of their State should war break out, whereas others opposed proletariat involvement in imperialist and nationalist wars. The latter faction was the Left, led by Lenin. This divergence of opinion, concomitant with policy on the colonies, formed the basis of the split in 1914 of the Second International. The Russian Social-democratic Labor Party and the Social Democrat Party of Serbia leaving the organization.

The Second International continued to function in some form, with the remaining parties, until 1916.

The Russian Social-democratic Labor Party changed it’s name to the Russian Communist Party in 1918, and the Social Democrat Party of Serbia to the Socialist Worker’s Party, in 1919, the latter was the predecessor, along with other Yugoslav partisans, of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, later, of the Communist League of Yugoslavia, of which party Slobodan Milosévic joined in 1963.

The year of 1918 was also the year of the Bavarian Socialist Revolution, led by Kurt Eisner for a time. The government was established in November and Kurt Eisner was assassinated the following February. Eisner had not wanted however a Soviet state, that is a state governed by workers’ councils, or Soviets. A selection of his writings as « Die halbe Macht den Räten », half the power to the councils, is available through the UC library system, and was published in Cologne in 1969.

If one reviews the early writings of Benito Mussolini one finds reference to Eisner – "On this road was placed Kurt Eisner, that has been the greatest architect of the German Revolution", and "The members of the National Council are elected – as Kurt Eisner wanted in his discourse-program – from interested parties, namely 'associations and organizations of government and private employees, teachers, professionals, and trades’, and to this we add unions of workers, mutuals, cooperatives, cultural associations, etc." – from 'Linee di programma politico’, « Il Popolo d’Italia » , Nº 89, March 30th, 1919.

Indeed someone has once informed me that in some film footage of the funeral procession of Kurt Eisner there was seen the young Adolf Hitler.

Fascism was not a natural development of Liberalism, but rather one among other responses of Liberalism, to the rise of organized labor, that is, the Labor Movement. Further is Fascism adopting a Nihilistic philosophy as opposed to Marxism which adheres to a Humanistic philosophy.

The vulgar view of Fascism is that it is a violent or racial movement, but a more precise assessment is achieved if one analyzes the economic organization of a movement. Thus the characteristics of Fascism are that it arises from a petty bourgeois class structure, it is of a Nihilistic philosophical basis, and of a Corporatist economic organization.

This latter bears some clarification – there is a ban on strikes and lockouts, State recognition of only one legitimate representation of Labor, the supplanting of "free bargaining" with collective bargaining, and the establishment of a Labor Court.

The subject however of violence as associated with Fascism is inaccurate, or violence originated as with a polity of Fascism, if one considers that anarchists were not associated with the Haymarket incident of May 4th, 1886, in Chicago, that industrial or State interests, to the purpose of justifying a domestic surveillance of such movements, were behind the incident. Therein one finds that violence, or terrorism, in its modern presentation, as a response of Liberalism to the Labor Movement existed prior to the advent of Fascism.

It is interesting to note that the month after the enactment of the Fascist Labor Laws in Italy, the legge sindicale, or syndicalist laws, April of 1926, in America was instituted the Railway Labor Act, May of 1926, the first nationally mandated collective bargaining agreement.

If one looks on your 1040 tax form is the question of whether you receive Railway Labor Act benefits. A retired railway worker receives more benefits than a recipient of a Social Security retirement check. Indeed the Social Security system was a diluted or watered down Railway Labor Act, and consequently derived from Fascism, or a derivative of United States Liberalism’s response to the subject of organized labor.

- - -

To return to the subject of Socialism, indeed only accurate in its Marxist-Leninist form, is the subject of State ownership of natural resources.

In the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were the State owned mines in Kosovo, which, along with the intent towards the dissolution of a State whose government was derived, had its origins, in a political party which split from the Second International, there was the interest in Western capital investments in the State owned Yugoslav mines. For these reasons were the NATO and US aggressions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, pursued.

In the Republic of Iraq which had nationalized the oil industry in 1972, there was the intent, against that State, towards regime change.

The following is a document on the sanctions issued and presented to me by an Iraqi Embassy in 1999. I shall read the section numbers, so if we run out of time before the break, we can continue thereafter.

SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAQ A VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

1. Since 6 August 1990, Iraq has been subjected to the most comprehensive regime of sanctions ever imposed by the Security Council. Following the Gulf War, the Security Council adopted resolution 687 in which a number of obligations were imposed upon Iraq as a requirement for the establishment of a formal end to the military operations. Iraq accepted those obligations, which included the recognition of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of Kuwait and the borders demarcated by the UN, and disarmament.

3. Despite the harsh nature of the obligations imposed by the Security Council, some of which were in fact unprecedented and transgressed the acceptable norms of international law, Iraq lived up to its commitments. For over nine years, Iraq has dedicated its efforts towards implementing those obligations with the result of fulfilling all the substantive requirements set out by the Council.

4. However, until now, the Security Council has not taken any step to reduce or lift the comprehensive embargo imposed upon Iraq, despite the dire consequences resulting therefrom to the entire country and its population.

5. The Security Council continues until now to maintain a punitive approach against Iraq ignoring thereby the record of implementation. It is well-known that this approach is led by the United States of America and the United Kingdom in furtherance of their declared policy to change the political regime in Iraq. These two permanent members continue to interfere in the internal affairs of Iraq thereby threatening the territorial integrity of the country. They imposed, without authorisation from the Security Council, no-fly zones over Iraq (in the north since 1991, and in the south since 1992 which was extended in 1996) in the enforcement of which continuous acts of aggression have been committed. In December 1998, they launched a deliberate act of aggression against the whole country. All these acts are being perpetrated against Iraq while these two members continue to obstruct any move in the Council aimed at rendering justice to Iraq.

6. In maintaining this policy, these two permanent members allege that Iraq has not fulfilled the substantive obligations under the Council’s resolutions and that it continues to be a threat to its neighbours. In this connection, the central argument is based on the opinion of UNSCOM that the weapons obligations have not been fully completed. This position is totally discredited by a number of facts particularly those pertaining to the revelations of former UNSCOM employees which proved beyond doubt that that body acted as a tool of American policy, and that Iraq had in fact fulfilled the substantive requirements of the Council’s resolutions on this point.

7. It is well-known that sanctions under the Charter are envisaged as a means for the maintenance and restoration of international peace and security. In the case of Iraq, the regime of the comprehensive embargo has become an end in itself for these two permanent members, regardless of the Charter and international law and their responsibilities thereunder.

8. The military operations of the coalition forces in 1991, the major part of which were conducted by the United States forces, brought, according to the report of the investigation team sent to Iraq in March 1991 under the leadership of Mr. Martti Ahtisaari, the then UN USG for Administration and Management, a form of devastation which has wrought near-apocalyptic results on the infrastructure of what had been until January 1991 a rather highly urbanized and mechanized society. Moreover, the prolongation of the embargo intensified the said results. Aside from the failure of the Security Council to fulfill its substantive and procedural duties under the Charter and international humanitarian law, the well-established fact from the countless reports of the Specialised Agencies, Non-Governmental Organisations, and the Secretary General of the United Nations demonstrate that the humanitarian situation in Iraq is, in a word, a "catastrophe".

9. After the Gulf War and under the effects of sanctions, it is estimated that Iraq’s GDP may have fallen by nearly two-thirds in 1991, owing to an 85% decline in oil production and the devastation of the industrial and services sectors of the economy. Agriculture growth has since been erratic and manufacturing output has all but vanished. The maternal mortality rate increased from 50/100,000 live births in 1989 to 117/100,000 in 1997. The under-five child mortality rate increased from 30.2/1,000 live births to 97.2/1,000 during the same period. The infant mortality rate rose from 64/1,000 births in 1990 to 129/1,000 births in 1995. Low birth weight babies (less than 2.5kg) rose from 4% in 1990 to around a quarter of registered births in 1997, due mainly to maternal malnutrition. As many as 70% of Iraqi women are suffering from anemia. The dietary energy supply had fallen from 3.120 to 1.093 kilocalories per capita/per day by 1994-95. The prevalence of malnutrition in Iraqi children under five almost doubled from 1991 to 1996 (from 12% to 23%). Malnutrition problems stem from the massive deterioration in basic infrastructure, in particular in the water supply and waste disposal systems. Access to potable water is currently 50% of the 1990 level in urban areas and only 33% in rural areas. In Central and Southern governorates 83% of school buildings needed rehabilitation, with 8,613 out of 10,334 schools having suffered serious damages. Some schools with a planned capacity of 700 pupils actually have 4,500 enrolled in them. Substantive progress in reducing adult and female illiteracy has ceased and regressed to mid-1980 levels. The accelerating decline of the power sector has had acute consequences for the humanitarian situation. The total remaining installed capacity today is about 7,500 mw, but inadequate maintenance and poor operating conditions have reduced the power actually generated to about half that figure at 3,500 mw. Aging equipment and the continuing effects of war damages have caused deterioration at nearly every level. The cumulative effects of sustained deprivation on the psycho-social cohesion of the Iraqi population are worth mentioning. There has been an increase in juvenile delinquency, anxiety about the future and lack of motivation, a rising sense of isolation bred by absence of contact with the out side world, the development of a parallel economy replete with profiteering and criminality, cultural and scientific impoverishment, and disruption of family life. The cumulative effect of the embargo and economic decline on the social fabric of Iraq is particularly evident.

10. As of this date, one and a half million Iraqis, mostly Children the frail and the elderly, have died as a direct result of the sanctions. Approximately five thousand children are dying every month. The devastating long-term effects of the radiation resulting from the depleted uranium weapons used by the American and British forces in Iraq are beginning to take their toll on the population, the genetically-deformed new born and the environment. The erosion of the vast numbers of DU shells, the burnt-out tanks and other armoured vehicles has now seeped into the sub-soil and the water table. The radiation has entered the food chain and the latest effects of their contamination will continue for generations and will be impossible to eradicate. All this constitutes a clear act of genocide which is being perpetrated in the name of the United Nations.

11. The approach adopted against Iraq demonstrates the failure to follow the political and diplomatic means for the solution of international problems recognised by the Charter and international law. Instead, a policy of aggression, destruction and revenge seem to have been employed by the forces controlling the mainstream of international relations at present in pursuit of unilateral interests rather than the collective interests of the international community. This approach, which is evidently espoused by the United States and the United Kingdom, is no longer a "hidden agenda" as it had been declared publicly on numerous occasions by American and British officials at the highest level. This policy kept the region in a state of tension and instability at the expense of restoring peace and security, in order to maintain a firm control over its oil resources. The rules and standards of international law and the Charter have been manipulated and often violated. They have also been completely ignored when they prove a troubling constraint.

12. The sanctions inflicted upon the people of Iraq for nine years now, though harsh and unprecedented in their damaging injustice, have failed to undermine the resolute steadfastness of the people of Iraq in their determination to realize justice under international law and the UN Charter. It is in this spirit of moral determination and the rule of law that Iraq addresses itself to the collective wisdom and understanding of the organization of African Unity, as well as the fraternal support of the Governments and peoples of its member States. In this regard, Iraq demands nothing more than the application of the resolutions of the Council legally and fairly, which requires the objective assessment of the record of implementation by Iraq. Iraq is firmly convinced that once this is done, the sanctions will have no way of being continued to be imposed on the Iraqi people.

To return to the subject of Social history – in the period between the end of the Great War and the initiation of the Great Patriotic War – there was established in the 1920's the League of Nations, with its Mandate system, which perpetuated colonialism, the League’s 'Economic Council’ which sought to contain the sympathies among the East European populace for the Marxist-Leninist form of State, and the International Labor Organization (I.L.O.) with its advocacy of Liberalism’s arbitrary 'human rights’.

As one knows the Fascist aggressions during the Great Patriotic War resulted in the deaths of 24 million Soviet citizens, including 16 million soldiers.

General Secretary Josef Stalin agreed at the Yalta Conference, within 90 days of German capitulation, to enter the war against the Empire of Japan. The date of such capitulation is disputed as in the late evening of May 8, or, as a 75 minute delay, in the early morning of May 9. This would place the conclusion of the 90 day period as on the date of August 6 in the former and on August 7 in the latter. The United States, however, preempted the Soviet declaration of war on the Empire of Japan via the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima.

The purpose of this was that the Japanese had preferred – and they were negotiating with Moscow on this – to surrender to the Soviet Union rather than to the United States, as they had not respected the United States. Such negotiations were proceeding even though the Soviet Union had not officially notified Ambassador Satō until 5 p.m., on the evening of August 8, "that, as of tomorrow, that is, as of August 9, the Soviet Union will consider itself at war with Japan".

The Potsdam Conference, which delineated how Germany was to be administered by the Western Allies and U.S.S.R. following the war, was violated nearly immediately by the May 1946 suspension of reparations shipments from the Western to the Soviet zones. Primarily this was attributed to a dispute regarding import & export policy for occupied Germany, presumably production methods of items for German exports, and imports of raw materials from areas which the Western powers wanted to remain as colonial possessions, wherein the Soviet Union wanted de-colonization.

Germany, according to Potsdam, was to be administrated as a single economic unit, incumbent also was the recognition of the sovereign political process, both within Germany and in the European states which had been occupied by the Axis powers during the war, therefore the overriding of the December 1946 plebiscite for the nationalization of large industry in the Republic of Hesse by the Commander Lucius D. Clay in the American administrated zone, the Treaty of Dunkirk of March 4, 1947, Churchill’s meeting in May 1948 wherein was proposed the establishment of a Human Rights Charter and Court, a European Council and Assembly, the Six-power Conference in London where – under pressure from the United States – the United Kingdom, France, and the Benelux (states), adopted a resolution calling on 'western’ Germans to form a separate state, of June 7, 1948, the creation of a separate currency for the Western administered zones, issued on June 20, 1948, the Deutsche Mark, the Brussels Treaty Organization (B.T.O.) of March 17, 1949, the secret treaty between the United States and the Republics of the Western administered zones of Germany of May 21, 1949, recently revealed by Major General Gerd-Helmut Komossa in his 2007 book « Die deutsche Karte », the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany on May 23, 1949, and the establishment of NATO, were all in violation of the Potsdam Conference.

In 1949 the U.S.S.R. acquired the atomic bomb.

General Secretary Josef Stalin in 1952 had offered to reunite Germany, the reason for the rejection of this offer by the West is now clear, as the (above mentioned) secret treaty prohibited the reunification of Germany.

In 1953, following repeated violations of the Potsdam Conference by the Western powers, General Secretary Josef Stalin had been considering attacking the West with nuclear arms. Lavrenty Beria had poisoned Stalin to prevent this. Following this is noted the conciliatory gestures of Nikita Khrushchev to the West, his speech at the 20th Party Congress slandering General Secretary Stalin, his statements towards co-existence, opening up Soviet markets to U.S. exports, etc.

The United States has used tactical nuclear bombs during the April 2003 airport battle in the Republic of Iraq. This is a violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 984 of April 11th, 1995, wherein the United States and other nuclear weapons States on the Security Council agreed never to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapon States Parties to the Non-Proliferation Treaty. A/50/153 S/1995/263

The firm OWR G.m.b.H., a Limited Liability Company established in 1947, which provides terrain and vehicle nuclear decontamination, went insolvent in May of 2003, the month after the use by the United States of tactical nuclear bombs at the airport battle in Iraq. The Company was reformed as OWR AG, a Public Limited Company, in Autumn of 2003, and for US fiscal year 2004 (i.e. October 1, 2003 – September 30, 2004) was awarded in bid contracts with the Department of the Army (except Corps of Engineers Civil Program Financing), $34,221,094., and with the Department of the Air Force (Headquarters, USAF), $899,991.

It may be worthy of inquiry whether foreign non-US firms have provided the United States with terrain nuclear decontamination services associated with the April 2003 airport battle, whether such arrangements for provision of such services were made prior to the US President’s signature, his March 18, 2003, determination to Congress, that the use of 'armed forces’ was necessary against Iraq (Public Law 107-243), and whether such arrangement for the provision of such services were made with the acceptance and knowledge of the government where the foreign non-US firm was located.

Whether this line of inquiry (i.e. the assessment of the previous paragraph) proves correct would place that foreign government with complicity in the United States violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 984, and in the United States and United Kingdom aggressions against the Republic of Iraq, and with such associated liabilities. That is the foreign government would be prosecutable.

In the development of International Law, as amendments (proposed) to the Geneva Conventions, one can convey that – such atomic armaments’ usage is treasonous on the part of the Sovereign of the perpetrating State against his own citizens, in that war reparations cannot ameliorate the resentment of the direct victims of such armaments’ usage. That is the use of such arms excludes the normalization of relations, which is the obligation of the Sovereign to secure, according to the Natural Law School, and following the cessation of hostilities. The radiological ordnance as depleted uranium is also under such proposed Conventions’ amendments. Thus the use of nuclear arms and/or radiological ordnance is defined as a civil and not a military crime.

Though this, the U.S. use of tactical nuclear bombs, is not deemed as a violation of a treaty, i.e. the Non-Proliferation Treaty, there is the possible allocation in foreign policy towards understanding between (nation) States, and the obligation of Sovereigns to foster such understanding. In this context such Resolution’s violation is deemed as an offense against the law of nations – Clause 10, United States Constitution.

See also my text "Reciprocal Warfare and its Critiqué by the Natural Law School" on the Russian Internet site Iraq-War Mirror, in the Historical analysis section, as http://www.iraq-war.ru/article/165622 (dead link) redirect here "Reciprocal Warfare".

– pause for break –-

The question arises at this point as to what measures may be taken according to the Western defeat by Socialist Iraq, what understanding may be fostered in the West of Socialism.

In this regard comes the subject of Soviet science. My introduction to Soviet Marxism was not as some others, as an interest in Social ethics, I am a Conservative, but rather I had studied medicine in France and in the Federal Republic of Germany. I was introduced to Soviet hereditary science, which not only augmented my Western medical studies but elucidated them. I am referring here to T. D. Lysenko.

One can find various volumes in the UC libraries criticizing Lysenko. Basically this comes from Western prejudice towards the exclusivity of the chromosome theory as a factor of hereditary science, as opposed to the Michurin/Lysenko trend, which though not rejecting the chromosome theory (Morgan, Mendel, Weissman), recognizes also 'acquired characteristics’. Herein lies the fault of the Western biologic science, wherein a therapy is not accessible to the treatment of degenerative illness, malignancy, and immune deficiency, AIDS.

In the months following the death of General Secretary Josef Stalin, the US State Department issued memos ordering the US Information Agency Libraries in Europe to remove the books of T.D. Lysenko from their shelves.

The purpose of this was to support the metaphysical trend in science, and to constrain the sociological implications as Soviet interpretation of Lysenko’s findings.

It has already been addressed to the Iraqi Arab Ba’ath Socialist Party the possibility (following British & US Armed Forces withdrawal) for comparative research with the Iraqis and the United States, on the treatment, according to Lysenko, of intoxication from depleted uranium.

- - -

The following is a letter to the US Trade Secretary.

Secretary Gutierrez,

Well the American exports – as to Trade Secretary Carlos M. Gutierrez. Driving into Denver from the East one sees American architecture. Built from the wealth derived from commodity sales, similar as the commercial city buildings of Chicago were, the delineations of which, such commodity monopolization and wealth derived [and expenditures of such wealth in later influence in architecture] is described in the first two volumes of the trilogy of Frank Norris, the 'wheat series’, « The Octopus », and « The Pit »; part three was never written.

The 'American’ brand might be rebuilt, reflective of cultural entities in the U.S., American art as reflective of interaction of European immigrants and native folk, pottery workshop of the University of North Dakota developing ceramics of native American motif (early 1900's), cottage industry of neighboring tribes of the pueblo Indians, as examples of U.S. production.

Historical examples of proto-industrial and early industrial farm implements, also for use with draft animals, for example of Amish design, not exclusively limiting U.S. exports to expressions of industrialization, aspects of industrial design and æstetics, without limitations of 'industrial mono-culture’.

The war against Iraq was entirely a commercial venture, and no aspect of law can support such actions. The American and British military, and finance of France, Germany and the Benelux states, some minor tributary states’ capital investors must accept defeat.

Further as the West has lost the Cold War in Iraq, the war against Yugoslavia is also lost. Kosovo should remain part of Serbia, and Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Macedonia should be re-integrated into a Socialist Yugoslav state.

Political changes as part of reparations will be obliged of the United Kingdom, United States, France, Germany and the Benelux countries, and "minor tributary states" whose capital was invested in these wars.

The Zionist entity will be dismantled.

As exemplary of the bombings (crimes) at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the establishment of the Zionist entity was on exclusively (also) a market control basis.

The paternalism of the State [United States], as imposition on the populace, for example Roe vs. Wade, wherein the matter has nothing to do with 'privacy’ rights, no right of 'imposition’ of Wade exists upon the populace.

Currency, on another matter, also exemplary of the paternalism of the State, might be re-issued as U.S. Treasury Notes, the Federal Reserve dismantled. New Treasury notes might, it is suggested, be issued with nature scenes of the United States, possibly allegorical scenes, as in the former Finnish Mark, and without "In God We Trust", another paternalist exemplary.

Moralism in State affairs might be restricted to as referred to and is pertinent to the 'Natural Law School". (Emerich de Vattel)

As below from Christopher G. Tiedeman (1887), Missouri Bar Association, source the book « Conservative Crisis and the Rule of Law », by Arnold Paul, 1960.

"In these days of great social unrest, we applaud the disposition of the courts to seize hold of these general declarations of rights as an authority for them to lay their interdiction upon all legislative acts which interfere with the individual’s natural rights, even though these acts do not violate any specific or special provision of the constitution. These general provisions furnish sufficient authority for judicial interference..."

"The demand for a paternal government will be sure to modify more or less the construction of these constitutional guarantees..."

"We, who believe in the old order of things, and dread the establishment of the new, can only rely upon the popular reverence for these constitutional declarations, and on the efforts of the courts to stem the tide by courageously avoiding [sic] all enactments, which violate them in work or in spirit. This is our only means of defense against the inordinate demands of socialism"

Humanities should be developed in the United States to the level that the populace does not exhibit demands for paternal government, as referenced to in Tiedeman.

The quotes from the lecture of C. G. Tiedeman, the final paragraph, one can easily replace the word employees or labor for "socialism".

The other premise of the Soviet state, as inscribed on an arch above pillars overlooking the Black Sea at Yalta, "the Soviet worker deserves the right to vacation", Socialism’s basis has been since 1945 (regarding foreign relations) in respect of the Conference at Potsdam.

Sincerely, Eric Lindblad – June 17th, 2007.

We have here a few more suggestions:

The American 'electric’ streetcar systems should be rebuilt, which will emphasize some sociological relation among or of people in urban areas, commuters, and upon which subject one can view the film "Taken for a Ride", by Jim Klein and Martha Olson, available from New Day Films, 22 D Hollywood Ave., Hohokus, New Jersey – 07432.

Such streetcars, or trams’, energy supply can be augmented by supplementation of solar or windmill power, as for example the tracts of land by Altamont Pass in California, with its 5,400 windmills.

It might be promoted in the US agriculture, the Silvo-Pasture trend and alley-cropping, for example with the Honey Locust tree, which seedpods can contain up to 40% in sugar content – an equal acreage of mature Honey Locust trees can produce twice the amount of ethanol, as sugar cane or maize. Noted further is the criticism of Lenin of the Narodniks, the Populists, narod from Russian, meaning people, and of the transference of labor associated with agriculture industry, directly engaged in processing of 'raw materials’ in the rural areas, their transference to urban areas, under the capitalist societies.

Soviet science is noted for agronomy, but also for its mathematics, the latter has a special reference here, that is, Soviet expertise in non-linear dynamics. One can model areas for expansion of arable land, to counter also desertification, one can model cloud formation, and changing patterns of weather.

Thank You

21 August 2010

explanation of certain pathologies

  1. the cause of blastoma (the first cancer cell) development, as a disturbance of the endocrine pathway between the supra renal glands and thymus;
  2. the cause of immune deficiency syndrome, the conversion of an HIV+ patient to an AIDS patient, as a disturbance in the endocrine pathway of the hypophysis cerebrii (pituitary) and supra renal glands, neither Duesberg nor Gallo were fully correct;
  3. the cause of diabetes, as involving two oxidative factors, that of the element of vanadium and the K vitamin series, that these must be in proper relation, or diabetes results, of vanadium the supra renal glands are an accumulation site for this element, and the pancreas is the 2nd richest organ in K vitamins, of Voll, it is noted that phylloquinone (K1) being among the compounds which have the "ability to absorb up to 4 times more oxygen than other substances", the oxidative factor of K [vitamin series] therefore known;
  4. the cause of Alzheimer's disease as a displacement (improper distribution) of the elements of manganese and rubidium, the latter involving the thymus;
  5. the cause of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's disease) as displacement of body silicon, involving both the epiphysis cerebrii (or, pineal body) and the supra renal glands;
  6. the cause of Progressive Muscular Dystrophy (PMD) as involving a displacement of the element of bismuth, and involving the epiphysis cerebrii (or, pineal body);
  7. the cause of Parkinson's as molybdenum displacement, involving supra renal glands dysfunction.

Of the Alzheimer's pathology, which is singled out [4] among the list of 1-7, as the only pathology among this group without endocrine involvement/origins, one must look to the spleen and manganese usages, e.g., bovine tubercular contaminated dairy products, bovine tuberculosis exposures, BCG vaccine administration, also viral exposures and chronic viral burdens, prior malarial exposures or familial (parental) history of malarial exposures.

17 August 2010

Silicon and Life



М.Г. Воронков, Кремний и жизнь 2-nd ed. - Riga - Zinatne. 1978.

Respectively normal human lung and pancreatic levels of silicon.

ГЛАВА VI. КРЕМНИЙ В ОРГАНИЗМЕ ВЫСШИХ ЖИВОТНЫХ                 142

                                                                                                    Таблица 11
Содержание кремния в организме человека*, %
Органы и ткани В живом
вещества
В сухом
вещества
Литера-
тура
1 2 3 4
легкие 2,0—4,0·10–2 0,05—2,14 [2241, 2835]

0,02—0,34 [1618, 4052]

0,2—11,7·10–2 [283]

0,05—6,4·10–3 0,3—0,4·10–2 [1030, 2610]

3. ЧЕЛОВЕК                                                                                           143

                                                                                        Окончание табл 11
1   2     3               4
поджелудочная   0,4—1,9·10–4     3,5·10–3               [283, 1030]
железа   2,0·10–3     0,7·10–2               [286, 634]

  0,4—1,4·10–2     —               [2863]


DOI



The German content has been moved to its own Page.



Большая советская энциклопедия

Воронков Михаил Григорьевич (р. 6.12.1921, Орёл), советский химик-органик, член-корреспондент АН СССР (1970). Член КПСС с 1964. Окончил Свердловский университет (1942). В 1944—54 работал в Ленинградском университете; в 1954—61 в институте химии силикатов АН СССР; в 1961—70 в институте органического синтеза АН Латвийской ССР; с 1970 директор Иркутского института органической химии АН СССР. Основные труды в области кремнийорганических соединений (в том числе физиологически активных) и органических соединений серы.

terrorism the factor, not the phenomenon

Confer V. I. Lenin's conspectus excerpt, item 7, in dialectics one can separate component factors of a given phenomenon for analytical purposes, likewise can individual factors be correlated to identify [new] phenomena.

The incidents of September 11, 2001, have been presented as representing a phenomenon, in dialectics however, such incidents, would be a component factor, along with the United States government alleged predecessor incidents, the embassy bombings in Dar es Salaam and Nairobi, these taken singly or as a whole, are representing a factor, the phenomenon being the abuse of United States law-making rules.

Of special note are the abuses of congressional Public Law vs. Private Law bills' distinctions, in their extensive United States domestic and foreign policy manifestations.

To give two examples there is the Federal Reserve Act, Public No. 43, of 1913, and the House Joint [Public] Resolution "Favoring establishing in Palestine a national home for Jewish People", Pub. Resolution No. 73, of 1922, the latter as supporting the premise of the [British] Balfour Declaration.

14 August 2010

The Toffs

Toffs, the upper class, only people with money send their children to the British “Public Schools” such as Eaton, Harrow, St. Paul's, Gordonstoun, then off to Oxford/Cambridge, to learn to drink like a gentleman, no pretense or need for scholarship, receives the gentleman's grade “C”, takes remedial classes, then returns to the family estate, and pursues hunting & fishing.

America has adopted to worst aspects of the British educational system.

Now after the “Rust Belt”, from Michigan to Pittsburgh, has been cleaned up, in the 1950's everything was covered with soot, the children of such former 'industrial' American families continue with the time honoured tradition of seeing how much money/labour they can exploit, utilising inventory schemes, and tracing everything with 'computer' input, supply only as needed, order/receive 'just in time', no need for warehousing, together with the export of productions, and these families have taken up the pursuit of, also, or a parlance with, the so-called Game Theory

Which has no semblance of sensible production methods, nor of any consideration to those affected by the economics of such methods.

"Does Return Of The Toffs Signal A Changed Britain?"
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=106095494&ft=1&f=1001

12 August 2010

Iraqi Victims of the Airport Battle


photos taken by the Iraqi Red Crescent Society

أسلحة نيوترونية

US accused of using neutron bombs
[Republican Guard Commander Sayf al-Din al-Rawi]
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2007/4/9/us-accused-of-using-neutron-bombs

Saddam International Airport




مطار صدام الدولي
Saddam International Airport

09 August 2010

Address to the Bundestag

Should I write to the former German states under the Danish King, or, to those of the German Democratic Republic, the former of whom with I might share greater historical political sympathies, and the latter of whose sympathies, as a conservative, and as a scientist, I might engender an appreciation for. No, I think not.

One has the German relation with the Arabs, of whom your scientists have not understood the background of. I of course express here my sympathies with the GDR research, and the translation’s work on the Soviet publication as Silizium und Leben, Akadamie-Verlag, Berlin, 1975, but such research was not, as of the political milieu, pursued.

Among your Western writers, you have those of populist appeal, Wallraff & Engelmann, Herr Grass, but I find not much, a limited, foreign appeal among such writings.

Among the pre-1990 FRG writings, of which I cite appreciation for, are the texts, and treatises, and medical case studies of doctors Franz Morrell (Freisenheim) and Reinhold Voll (Plochingen), and to a minor aspect that of Heinz-Hartmut Vogel (publishers in Eckwälden/Bad Boll).

Also one can list the work of the editors of Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation, Zeitschrift für praxisnahe Medizin, Organ des Zentralverbandes der Ärtze für Naturheilverfahren e.V., H. Haferkamp, R.F. Weiß, K. Schimmel, and K.H. Caspers, and the scientific advisers, M.v. Ardenne, A. Becker, H. Bialonski, J. Brand, F. Brantner, N. Breidenbach, P. Dosch, H. Fleischhacker, K. Franke, P. Frick, W. Galwick, H. Giesenbauer, H. Hamsen, E. Höllischer, H. Huneke, W.H. Kahlert, J. Kaiser, G. Kelner, K. Kötschau, W. Kohlrausch, H. Kolb, H. Krauß, R.v. Leitner, H. Mensen, W.v. Nathusius, H.D. Neumann, H. Paul, A. Pischinger, A. Rost, H. Seyfarth, O. Schumacher-Wandersleb, R. Voll, H.L. Walb, H. Winterberg, and W. Zimmermann.

The writings of Justus von Liebig, his research on dietary provisions of farm animals, from Chemische Briefe, 1844, is appreciated, though his (separate) interpretation of formulæ’s supplementation to human infants is short-coming.

Noted are your pharmaceutical manufacturers, a quality review of their products, is maintaining the efficacy thereof.

Yet, you have lacked an understanding of the following:

Electrolyte composition of human colostrum &
milk, expressed as mM/kg water, Macie, 1949.

 Fluid   Na   K   Ca   Mn   Cl 
 Colostrum    24.2   21.1   21.1   01.9   18.3 
 Milk   08.3   14.5   09.6   01.5   11.7 

The increased other elements in colostrum assist in the expulsion of mucous accumulation from the intestinal tract and lungs (Mn), stimulate the expulsion of bilirubin (Se), and establishes the regulatory function of the urinary tract and bowels (Zn).

Absence of colostrum provision to the infant not only is concomitant with deficient elemental stimulation to the thymus and the developing immune system, hereunder the mesenchymal derived tissues, but also deficient of elemental stimulus to the pancreatic secretion, of the newborn, see text box, in comparison to E. Bro-Rasmussen, S. Killmans, J.H. Thaysen, (1956) Acta phsyiol. scand. № 37, pp. 97-113, with high levels of pancreatic mixed secretion the chloride level is lessened.

The publication of R. Voll, Indikationsliste der Nosoden und ihre Begleigttherapie für die ärztliche und zahnärztliche Praxis, 4, erweiterte Auflage 1966, and 5, erweiterte Auflage, 1998, with, in the newer edition, the inclusion of marzipan and of cacao under the heading of Genußgifte; this section should include also the sal ammoniac, productions of salt-licorice.

Sal ammoniac, NH4Cl, originally as presumed from the East Indian medicine as Dorema ammoniacum, Geschichte der Botanik, 1855, Vol. 2, p. 167, is in Europe added to licorice or formerly used in atomisers for the throat and the loosening of bronchial secretions. NH4Cl is an intestinal and hepatic stimulant, but it is also referred to as of a mild diuretic action, in fact it is toxic to the urological and reproductive organs.

Your journalists, should I return to that subject, I refer here to Daniel Mornet, Précis de Littérature Française, Larousse, Paris, 1925, on the positivist Hippolyte Taine:

« Ce déterminisme d’était pas nouveau : la race, le milieu (se qu’on appelait les climats), le moment même avaient été allégués avant Taine, par Montesquieu et d’autres, dès le XVIIIe siècle. L’originalité de Taine est de les avoir ordonnés dans un système rigoureux et puissamment illustré d’exemples. Elle est surtout d’y avoir ajouté autre chose qui les anime et qui les transpose. »

...« L’art de Taine pourrait se définir : positivisme et passion. »

and, to the (intentions) of the French writer Émile Zola, from Germinal, in reprint, Pocket Classiques 1998 edition, with commentary by Gérard Gemgembre, Les Clés de L’Œuvre : II - Dossier Historique et Littéraire, Zola et Germinal (Texte n° 1) :

L’AMBITION SCIÉNTIFIQUE DU ROMAN « Observation stricte du réel, soumission du roman aux lois du savoir scientifique, mise en évidence d’une déterminisme : Zola entend faire du roman une enterprise objective. De la théorie à la practique, la création fictionelle gagne considérablement en charge poétique et fantasmatique. Cependant, le manifeste naturaliste de Zola exprime aussi une ambition humanitaire : le romanier participe pleinement au progrès. »

« Et j’arrive ainsi au gros reproche dont on croit accabler les romanciers naturalistes en les traintant de fatalistes. Que de fois on a voulu nous prouver que, du moment où nous n’acceptions pas le libre arbitre, du moment où l’homme n’était plus pour nous qu’une machine animale agissant sous l’influence de l’hérédité et des milieux, nous tombions à un fatalisme grossier, nous ravalions l’humanité au rang d’un troupeau marchant sous le bâton de la destinée ! Il faut préciser : nous ne sommes pas fatalistes, nous sommes déterministes, ce qui n’est point la même chose. Claude Bernard explique très bien les deux termes « Nous avons donné le nom de déterminisme à la cause prochaine ou déterminante des phénomènes. Nous n’agissons jamais sur l’essence des phénomènes de la nature, mais seulement sur leur déterminisme, et par cela seul que nous agissons sur lui, le déterminisme diffère du fatalisme sur lequel on ne saurait agir. Le fatalisme suppose la manifestation nécessaire d’un phénomène indépendant de ses conditions, tandis que le déterminisme est la condition nécessaire d’un phénomène dont la manifestation n’est pas forcée. Une fois que la recherche du déterminisme des phénomènes est posée comme le principe fondamental de la méthode expérimentale, il n’y a plus ni matérialisme, ni spiritualisme, ni matière brute, ni matière vivante ; il n’y a que des phénomènes dont il faut déterminer les conditions, c’est-à-dire les circonstances qui jouent par rapport à ces phénomènes le rôle de cause prochaine. » Ceci est décisif. Nous ne faisons qu’appliquer cette méthode dans nos romans, et nous sommes donc des déterministes qui, expérimentalement, cherchant à déterminer les conditions des phénomènes, sans jamais sortir, dans notre investigation, des lois de la nature. Comme le dit trés bien Claude Bernard, du moment où nous pouvons agir, et où nous agissons sur le déterminisme des phénomènes, en modifiant les milieux par example, nous ne sommes pas des fatalistes.

Voilà donc le rôle moral du romancier expérimentateur bien défini. Souvent j’ai dit que nous n’avions pas à tirer une conclusion de nos œurves, et cela signifie que nos œuvres portent leur conclusion en elles. Un expérimentateur n’a pas à conclure, parce que, justement, l’expérience conclut pour lui. Cent fois, s’il le faut, il répétera l’expérence devant le public, il l’expliquera, mais il n’aura ni à s’indigner, ni à approuver personnellement : telle est la vérité , tel est le mécanisme des phénomènes ; c’est à la société de produire toujours ou de ne plus produire ce phénomène, si le résultat en est utile ou dangereux. On ne conçoit pas, je l’ai dit ailleurs, un savant se fâchant contre l’azote, parce que l’azote est impropre à la vie ; il supprime l’azote, quand il est nuisible, et pas davantage. Comme notre pourvoir n’est pas le même que celui de ce savant, comme nous sommes des expérimentateurs sans être des praticiens, nous devons nous contenter de chercher le déterminisme des phénomènes sociaux, en laissant aux législateurs, aux hommes d’application, le soin de diriger tôt ou tard ces phénomènes, de façon à développer les bons et à réduire les mauvais, au point de vue de l’utilité humaine.

Je résume notre rôle de moralistes expérimentateurs. Nous montrons le mécanisme de l’utile et du nuisible, nous dégageons le déterminisme des phénomènes humains et sociaux, pour qu’on puisse un jour dominer et diriger ces phénomènes. En un mot, nous travaillons avec tout le siècle à la grande œuvre qui est la conquête de la nature, la puissance de l’homme décuplée. Et voyez à côte de la nôtre, la besogne des écrivains idéalistes, qui s’appuient sur l’irrationnel et le surnaturel, et dont chaque élan est suivi d’une chute profonde dans le chaos métaphysique. C’est nous qui avons la force, c’est nous qui avons la morale. »

Émile Zola, Introduction au Roman expérimental, 1880.


Zola had, according to the Englishman Douglas Parmée, in writing of Zola’s ideas under the influence of Claude Bernard, thought to “use the novel as a sort of laboratory to prove ...hypotheses”, one recalls Le Roman Expérimental, as an analogue to Bernard’s Introduction à la médecine expérimentale, Zola had by the time he wrote La Terre abandoned such nonsensical ideas, according to the Englishman, but Parmée insists that in the result “psychology was not ruthlessly sacrificed to physiology”.

My colleague of course, a doctor from Hamburg, I shall omit his name, has pointed out the limits of the adoption of a positivistic belief system, where “the progress of elementary needs and the limits of the biological reaction possibilities goes unnoticed, and where things are confused with a substitute performance”. Here, in fact, comes the dialectic-materialist analysis where the interactions of sociology, pædagogy, and disease susceptiblity can be elaborated upon.

It is unfortunate therefore that Zola has not – as a naturalist – pursued his Roman expérimental, in the writing of La Terre; he may have approached the realm of Socialist realism.

Should one ask, do I have displeasure over the German foreign policy, or animosity towards the German peoples, over the involvement of the state and of a German firm in the violation of the 1990 Final Settlement Regarding Germany, well, that is, the conspiracy to engage in use of enhanced radiation weaponry, neutron bombs, as against the Arab (Iraqis), my sympathies are for the restoration of science, which, the German bourgeoisie, cannot claim exclusive prerogatives over.

The following represents my commentary on DRA captured documents, circa 1983, this current provision to the German parliament, of course obliges immediate withdrawal of the German contingent from the Emirate of Afghanistan, and of an immediate cessation of German support, diplomatic, or other foreign policy measures, to the post-occupation political entity established in the Republic of Iraq.

I convey my trust that the German parliament will establish a foreign policy committee to address German representation at the listed reparations’ tribunal http://www.iraq-war.ru/ article/165622 (dead link, redirect here).

Sincerely, Eric Lindblad – 12 October 2009.

Documents from Afghanistan - Nov. & Dec., 1983.
Editor - Eric Lindblad

Note from the present editor, Eric Lindblad:

There are two errors in the below Soviet text, one is that of reference to the high esteem of which the UN charter is held by the Soviet editors, I cannot herewith comment on the Helsinki Final Act, but it is known that I am sympathetic with the Helsinki process, as defined as CSCE, not as of the subsequent re-named OSCE. The second is that of the Soviet assistance to Afghanistan in the 1950's period, again in the period following the Revolution of Saur 7, 1357 (April 27, 1978) which led to the creation of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) on Jadi 6, 1358 (December 27, 1979), the Introduction of the Soviet publication is not reproduced here, however in the first page thereof is mention of “agriculture in pre-revolutionary Afghanistan as being backward, characterized by low technical level and predominant use of manual labour”, it is presumed that in both periods, that of beginning in the mid-1950's, subsequent to General Secretary J. Stalin's death, that is the period of N. Khrushchev, as General Secretary, and in the period following the establishment of the DRA, that in both instances there were Soviet foreign policy measures towards, albeit with Afghan govt. expressed sympathies, towards the mechanization of sectors of Afghan agriculture. Herewith it has since been elaborated on the deficiencies of the Khrushchev 'virgin land's' projects, domestically within the Soviet republics, and of noted lack of Soviet scientific understanding of the nature and capabilities of the Afghan agricultural terrain zones. Indeed application of a more modern construct of dialectic-materialism, transposed with Islamic conceptions of water usage, the use of, marine, brown algæ's ash, sodium reduced, as applied with manual labour, on beds & fields, where plants for production of composts would be pursued, would provide for a more comprehensive agronomical policy, and of medical benefit for the Afghan peoples, through dietary provisions of ultra-trace elements present in seawater, which can be depleted from soils where industrial-technical agricultural practices are pursued.

The following documents/extracts will be attached to the reparations tribunal scheduled for August 28, 2010, in Denmark; see “Reciprocal Warfare and its Critiqué by the Natural Law School” on the Russian Internet site Iraq-War Mirror, in the Historical analysis section, as http://www.iraq-war.ru/article/165622 (dead link, redirect here).

The chapter on Foreign Journalists Reporting on Afghanistan, includes a reproduction of a report from the French newspaper l'Humanite, of February 28, 1985, by Serge Leyrac, which refers to the counter-revolutionaries [under US auspices – Ed.] carrying out assassinations and other acts of terrorism, attacking schools and teachers, doctors and hospitals, and of people responsible for the Land and Water Reform, and of the worst terrorist acts that are carried out “blindly”, such as setting off bombs in cinemas, mosques or in buses, other transportation facilities as the Kabul airport.

The similar as conveyed under the foreign occupation in Iraq.

Further that the USA would allege as basis for invasion of Iraq in 2002-2003, both in the legislative bills and executive administrative section statements, that Iraq had possession of chemical WMD, when the USSR copied and published (1986) DRA captured counter-revolutionary documents referring to, under US auspices, the conspiracy to use against the Afghan populace weaponised poisonous chemical substances, deserves at present international diplomatic attention.



THE TRUTH ABOUT AFGHANISTAN

Novosti Press Agency Publishing House
Moscow 1986

Compiled by:
Vladimir ASHITKOV
Karen GEVORKYAN
Vladimir SVETOZAROV
© Novosti Press Agency Publishing House, 1986
Editing completed on December 11, 1985.



Chapter 2 – USSR-AFGHANISTAN: TRADITIONS OF FRIENDSHIP

The basis of Soviet-Afghan relations was laid in the first years following the 1917 Socialist Revolution in Russia. The Revolution made null and void the imperialist Anglo-Russian Agreement of 1907 on the division of the spheres of influence in the East, which seriously encroached on Afghanistan's national sovereignty. The first Soviet foreign-policy acts, in particular the Decree on Peace and the appeal “To All the Working Muslims of Russia and the East”, were enthusiastically welcomed by Afghanistan's patriotic circles working for their country's complete independence from Britain.

Afghanistan achieved independence in early 1919. And the Soviet state became the first officially to recognize its southern neighbour's independence.

In early April 1919, Emir Amanullah Khan of Afghanistan sent a message of friendship to Moscow in which he addressed Vladimir Lenin and his associates as “friends of mankind who undertook the noble and honourable task of working for peace and the well-being of the people and who proclaimed the principle of freedom and equality of all countries and nations of the world”.

Lenin's reply to the message was dated May 27, 1919, which became an official date marking the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries.

The Soviet-Afghan Treaty of Friendship signed in 1921 became a milestone in the development of bilateral ties. What are the main features of that accord which has retained its importance to this day? To begin with, it was the first equal treaty concluded by the independent Afghan state with a great power. It helped strengthen Afghanistan's political sovereignty and positions on the world scene. British imperialism had to reckon with the fact that the Afghan people were no longer alone. The British government had for a long time refused to recognize Afghanistan's national sovereignty. However, after the Soviet-Afghan Treaty had been signed Britain was forced to recognize officially the country's independence and sovereignty.

The Treaty enshrined in legal terms the principled policy of the world's first socialist state aimed at developing friendly, equitable and mutually beneficial relations with Afghanistan. Although the young Soviet state was itself in dire straits after the devastating world war and Civil war, in keeping with the Treaty it immediately gave both economic and military aid, which was quite considerable for those days, to its southern neighbour. Among other things, it supplied equipment for telegraph lines, sent technical specialists, built a gunpowder factory, and granted a loan of one million gold roubles. That marked the beginning of technical and economic assistance by the Soviet state to Afghanistan. This assistance steadily increased in subsequent years, especially over the past few decades.

The importance of the 1921 Treaty lies in the fact that for the first time in history an inter-state agreement affirmed principles reflecting a new type of international relationship: non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality, and mutual respect. These principles were later embodied in the UN Charter and in the Helsinki Final Act. The same principles formed the basis of the subsequent treaties and agreements signed between the Soviet Union and Afghanistan: the 1926 Paghman Pact of Neutrality and Non-Aggression and a similar treaty signed in 1931. Thanks to the latter treaty Afghanistan was able to stand up to Nazi Germany's attempts in the late 1930's and early 1940's to violate its neutrality status and drag it into the Second World War on its side.

Forty years have passed since the end of that war, the most devastating in human history. Afghanistan was not touched by its flames, but Afghan people are well aware that this became possible only thanks to the Soviet Union, the valour of its Armed Forces, and the staunchness of its people – 20 million Soviet people lost their lives in the fight against the Nazi invaders. The Nazi hordes in their advance on the Middle East and Central Asia were halted on the banks of the Volga and the mountains of the Caucasus at the price of incredible sacrifices made by the Soviet people.

The defeat of fascism, to which the Soviet Union made the decisive contribution, saved Afghanistan and other Asian countries and peoples from Nazi enslavement. It has also paved the way for the further all-round development of Soviet-Afghan friendly ties. In postwar years Soviet economic assistance to its southern neighbour has markedly increased. The scope of bilateral economic and technical cooperation has particularly widened since the mid-1950's. Several large projects in the food, power, and metal-working industries, irrigation facilities and highways were built and put into operation in Afghanistan. Trade also grew at a rapid pace.

What is important is that the Soviet Union, while giving extensive economic assistance to Afghanistan, never demanded any privileges for itself, never attached any political stings to it, never sought any advantages at the expense of its southern neighbour's national interests. Equipment supplied by the Soviet Union to Afghanistan has always been of high quality, and it is usually sold at prices below those of the world market. Soviet credits are provided on a long-term basis, with interest rates being favourable to the Afghan side.

Intensive development of economic ties with the USSR enabled Afghanistan in the 1970's to lay the groundwork for setting up a chemical, gas and power industry and several other industrial sectors of its own. The Soviet Union also helped the Afghans to train their own specialists and skilled workers.

In recent years much has been written in the West about Soviet policy towards Afghanistan, whose authors try to find some “selfish” motives in the policy, motives that encouraged the Soviet Union to develop all-round economic and other ties with Afghanistan in the 1920's and again in the 1950's and 1970's. But their efforts are in vain, for such motives simply do not exist. The fact is that the Soviet Union is moved by a genuine desire to establish good, friendly relations with a neighbouring state.

Political relations between the Soviet republic, the world's first socialist country, and Afghanistan, a semi-feudal monarchy, were characterized by the observance of generally accepted standards of international behaviour, including recognition of each other's sovereign rights. Moreover, the relations were developed in a way that helped protect both countries' national interests. Afghanistan had always found understanding and support on the part of the Soviet Union in pursuing a policy of positive neutrality and non-alignment, in repulsing the numerous attempts by imperialist circles to draw it into aggressive military-political blocs, and in defending its right to follow an independent policy both at home and on the international scene. The Soviet Union, for its part, appreciated Afghanistan's desire to develop good relations with its northern neighbour and its firm commitment to neutrality. Afghanistan could always rely and did rely on Soviet support in pursuing this policy. That was clearly seen in the mid-1950's when relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan became extremely tense. The imperialist circles headed by the USA tried to use the Pushtun crisis to put increasing pressure on Afghanistan and involve it in their anti-Soviet strategy in the Middle East. Significantly, already then Pakistan served as a tool of US subversive, anti-Afghan actions.

To deny to Afghanistan the right of transit across Pakistani territory was tantamount to an economic blockade. Under those conditions the Soviet Union complied with the Afghan government's request on the transit of goods across Soviet territory, thus giving it effective help in breaking the economic blockade.

In assessing the development of Soviet-Afghan relations prior to the 1978 National-Democratic Revolution, one should bear in mind that even in the most complex international situations they provided an example of peaceful and mutually beneficial cooperation between states with different social systems. It was an example of how relations should be shaped between neighbours, including those following different paths of social development.



Chapter 5 – "PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE" AGAINST THE DRA Appendix, Item 4

Who is Using Chemical Weapons in Afghanistan?

(Excerpts from a report on a press conference held for Afghan and foreign journalists at the DRA Ministry of Foreign Affairs on February 27, 1984)

As has been announced at the press conference held on February 27, 1984, the DRA Armed Forces have seized two letters in the course of an operation carried out against the counter-revolutionary gangs. One of them was sent by the Jamiat-i-Islami central office, located in Peshawar (Pakistan), to a counter-revolutionary group conducting subversive operations inside Afghanistan.

The other was sent by the so-called High Command of another counter-revolutionary organization, Hizbi-i-Islami, to a certain military committee (no address is given but the committee is apparently based in Pakistan).

We consider it appropriate to make public the texts of the two letters.

The first one reads as follows:

“My brother Aziz,

“Captain Faizullah is being sent with a caravan to hand over to you the following arms and ammunition:

“1. 20 anti-tank missiles
“2. 22 machine-guns
“3. 5,500 rounds of machine-gun ammunition
“4. 18 anti-personnel mines
“5. 22 anti-tank mines
“6. 40 mortar shells.

“Confirm receipt of the above-mentioned arms and ammunition at the earliest opportunity. We shall deliver the remaining arms and ammunition to you in the nearest future.

“Brother Aziz,

“In your last letter you complain about the difficulties you have encountered. But you are back home together with your family whereas we live in a foreign land, among enemies. Our life here is extremely difficult. We are made to operate the direct supervision of U.S. advisers.

“Some days ago the American advisers made up a list of the questions concerning the use of poisonous substances by the Russians against the Mujahiddin in Afghanistan and of recommended replies.

“The above-mentioned poisonous chemical substances have been manufactured here for subsequent use in Afghanistan in order to convince the world public that it is the Russians who are using them.

“You will understand, of course, that we are totally powerless here and do everything the American advisers tell us to do.

“We must endure all hardships for the sake of our sacred goal.

“With best wishes,
(Signature)

November 11, 1983

The second letter reads as follows:

“Hizbi-i-Islami Afghanistan
“December 2, 1983, c/o Military Committee,

“By the grace of Allah we have safely received a caravan of arms and ammunition you sent to the Kabul Province High Command together with the questionnaire containing recommended replies to the questions listed therein.

“We think that all means should be used against the enemy but it must be pointed out that here it is extremely difficult to get poisonous substances. Frankly speaking, they are not available at all. But we highly appreciate what our friends (the Americans–Ed.) are doing. Tell us in advance when the whole thing is due to begin, so we can pass the word around.

“We would also like to get from you confirmation of receipt of the money we had previously sent. If it did not reach you we would undertake a most thorough investigation into what might have gone wrong.

“With best wishes,
“High Command of the Kabul Province
(Seal, Signature)”

These two letters provide convincing evidence which can hardly be refuted.

A Bakhtar News Agency statement, made public at the press conference, says that the two letters are a clear indication that it is the United States which is behind an undeclared war against Afghanistan, while Afghan counter-revolutionary elements are at the beck and call of US advisers.

They show that all attempts by CIA experts to prove that the DRA Armed Forces and the limited Soviet military contingent in Afghanistan are using poisonous substances in that country are futile.

While the Reagan Administration is trying to resurrect the myth about the use of Agent Orange in Afghanistan and to deceive world public opinion, US imperialism has on several occasions employed chemical weapons against the Afghan people in violation of all existing international conventions. Below are some of the facts cited at the press conference.

Three years ago, grenades containing CDS 517 poisonous substances were captured from counter-revolutionaries in Herat Province. At the beginning of last year US-made RKT 83-mm chemical shells and M-12 tear gas containers were captured from gangs operating in Ghazni Province. Two years ago the bandits put poisonous chemical substances, delivered from abroad, into a water tank at a girls' school.

Bakhtar News Agency, February 2, 1984.